Drug-Induced Series

Hyperkalaemia
  • ACE Inhibitors (e.g., Ramipril, Lisinopril)
  • Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (e.g., Losartan, Valsartan)
  • Aldosterone Antagonists (e.g., Spironolactone, Eplerenone)
  • Potassium-Sparing Diuretics (e.g., Amiloride, Triamterene)
  • NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen, Naproxen)
Hypokalaemia
  • Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide, Bumetanide)
  • Thiazide Diuretics (e.g., Bendroflumethiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide)
  • Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisolone, Dexamethasone)
  • Beta-2 Agonists (e.g., Salbutamol, Terbutaline)
  • Amphotericin B
Hypernatremia
  • Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisolone, Dexamethasone)
  • Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide, Bumetanide)
  • Sodium Bicarbonate
  • Lactulose
  • Oestrogens
Hyponatraemia
  • Thiazide Diuretics (e.g., Bendroflumethiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide)
  • Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide, Bumetanide)
  • SSRIs (e.g., Sertraline, Citalopram, Fluoxetine)
  • Carbamazepine
  • Desmopressin
Hypomagnesemia
  • Diuretics
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics
  • Cisplatin
Hypocalcaemia
  • Bisphosphonates
  • Denosumab
  • Loop diuretics
  • Phenytoin
Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
  • Metformin
  • Phenytoin
  • Colchicine
Ototoxicity
  • Aminoglycosides (e.g., Gentamicin, Amikacin)
  • Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide, Bumetanide)
  • Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Agents (e.g., Cisplatin, Carboplatin)
  • Erythromycin
  • Quinine
Hepatotoxicity
  • Statins (e.g., Atorvastatin, Simvastatin)
  • Tetracyclines (e.g., Doxycycline, Minocycline)
  • Carbamazepine
  • Flucloxacillin
  • Methotrexate
Nephrotoxicity
  • Aminoglycosides (e.g., Gentamicin, Amikacin)
  • NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen, Diclofenac)
  • Cephalosporins (e.g., Ceftriaxone, Cefalexin)
  • Cisplatin
  • Ciclosporin
Thromboembolism
  • Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs)
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  • Tamoxifen
  • Epoetin and Darbepoetin
  • Tranexamic Acid
Bradycardia
  • Beta-Blockers (e.g., Atenolol, Metoprolol)
  • Amiodarone
  • Clonidine
  • Digoxin
  • Ivabradine
QT Prolongation
  • Macrolide Antibiotics (e.g., Erythromycin, Clarithromycin)
  • Amiodarone
  • Citalopram and Escitalopram
  • Haloperidol
  • Ondansetron
Peripheral Neuropathy
  • Amiodarone
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Isoniazid
  • Metronidazole
  • Vincristine
Serotonin Syndrome
  • SSRIs (e.g., Sertraline, Fluoxetine)
  • SNRIs (e.g., Venlafaxine, Duloxetine)
  • MAOIs (e.g., Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine)
  • Tramadol
  • Sumatriptan
Myelosuppression
  • Azathioprine
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Methotrexate
  • Carbimazole
  • Clozapine
Hypoglycaemia
  • Insulin
  • Sulfonylureas (e.g., Gliclazide, Glimepiride)
  • Quinine
  • Pentamidine
  • Beta-Blockers (e.g., Propranolol, Atenolol)
Hyperglycaemia
  • Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisolone, Dexamethasone)
  • Thiazide Diuretics (e.g., Bendroflumethiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide)
  • Atypical Antipsychotics (e.g., Olanzapine, Clozapine)
  • Calcineurin Inhibitors (e.g., Ciclosporin, Tacrolimus)
Lactic Acidosis
  • Metformin
  • NRTIs (e.g., Zidovudine, Stavudine)
  • Linezolid
Rhabdomyolysis
  • Statins (e.g., Atorvastatin, Simvastatin)
  • Fibrates (e.g., Fenofibrate, Gemfibrozil)
  • Daptomycin
  • Cocaine
Agranulocytosis
  • Clozapine
  • Carbimazole
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Pulmonary Fibrosis
  • Amiodarone
  • Methotrexate
  • Bleomycin
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Busulfan
Photosensitivity
  • Tetracyclines (e.g., Doxycycline, Minocycline)
  • Fluoroquinolones (e.g., Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin)
  • Sulfonamides (e.g., Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfasalazine)
  • Amiodarone
  • NSAIDs (e.g., Naproxen, Piroxicam)
Drug-Induced Psychosis
  • Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisolone, Dexamethasone)
  • Dopamine Agonists (e.g., Levodopa, Pramipexole)
  • Amphetamines
  • Cannabis
  • Cocaine
Drug-Induced Seizures
  • Tramadol
  • Bupropion
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Theophylline
  • Isoniazid
Neutropenia
  • Clozapine
  • Methotrexate
  • Carbimazole
  • Sulfasalazine
Thrombocytopenia
  • Heparin (HIT - Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia)
  • Linezolid
  • Rifampicin
  • Valproate
  • Quinine
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
  • NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Aspirin)
  • Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban)
  • Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisolone, Dexamethasone)
  • SSRIs (e.g., Citalopram, Sertraline)
  • Clopidogrel
Pancreatitis
  • Azathioprine
  • Valproate
  • Furosemide
  • Corticosteroids
Gout
  • Thiazide Diuretics (e.g., Hydrochlorothiazide, Bendroflumethiazide)
  • Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide, Bumetanide)
  • Ciclosporin
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Low-Dose Aspirin
Drug-Induced Urinary Retention
  • Anticholinergics (e.g., Oxybutynin, Tolterodine)
  • Tricyclic Antidepressants (e.g., Amitriptyline, Imipramine)
  • Opioids (e.g., Morphine, Codeine)
  • NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen, Diclofenac)
  • Alpha-Agonists (e.g., Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine)
Drug-Induced Osteoporosis
  • Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisolone, Dexamethasone)
  • Heparin (long-term use)
  • PPIs (e.g., Omeprazole, Lansoprazole)
  • Aromatase Inhibitors (e.g., Anastrozole, Letrozole)
  • SSRIs
Drug-Induced Weight Gain
  • Atypical Antipsychotics (e.g., Olanzapine, Clozapine)
  • Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisolone, Dexamethasone)
  • Insulin
  • Mirtazapine
Drug-Induced Weight Loss
  • Metformin
  • GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (e.g., Liraglutide, Semaglutide)
  • SGLT2 Inhibitors (e.g., Empagliflozin, Dapagliflozin)
  • Topiramate
  • Bupropion
Drug-Induced Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
  • Anticholinergics (e.g., Oxybutynin, Tolterodine)
  • Tricyclic Antidepressants (e.g., Amitriptyline, Imipramine)
  • Antipsychotics (e.g., Clozapine, Olanzapine)
  • Antihistamines (e.g., Chlorphenamine, Diphenhydramine)
  • Opioids (e.g., Morphine, Codeine)